Stop, Drop and Stretch
By: Jessica Lime
There are different types of stretching techniques such as static, dynamic, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (pre-contraction stretching), the body responds differently to each stretch. Stretching is beneficial to each subject’s body, sport, activation and recovery process. Stretching increases flexibility, range of motion, reduces the risk of injury, increases blood supply to minimize soreness, improves posture and alignment within the body. Stretching can be done every day as long as the muscle is not in any pain or discomfort and the subject is not applying too much force.
Static Stretching
Static stretching is the most common type of stretching. Static stretching is performed by extending a muscle group to its maximal point and holding it for 30 seconds or more. There is active and passive static stretching. Active static stretching is when the individual applies force for a deeper stretch1. Passive stretch stretching is when a partner applies additional force to the muscle to create a deeper stretch1.

Butterfly Stretch
5 static stretching examples
- Seated butterfly stretch
- Standing hamstring stretch
- Wall calf stretch
- Standing iliotibial band stretch
- Overhead triceps stretch
Dynamic stretching
Dynamic stretching requires continuous active movement patterns, placing your muscles and joints through full range of motion that copy sport like movements and mechanics. The purpose of this type of stretching is to prepare the individual for the sport or activity they are about to participate in so their body is prepared1. The subject will repeat this movement on both sides of the body for equal amounts for the same distance.

Walking Knee to Chest
5 Dynamic stretch examples
- Side shuffle
- Walking knee to chest
- Hip abduction and adduction walk
- Lunge walk with twist
- Power skip with reach
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
This stretching technique often requires a partner in order to provide the resistance and passive stretch needed for this type of stretching. There are 3 main types of PNF stretching: hold-relax, contract-relax, and hold-relax with contraction of agonist muscle group2. Hold-relax begins with a passive stretch to a point of mild discomfort by your partner, then they apply additional pressure and instruct you to “hold and don’t let me move you.” This is held 5-6 seconds and your partner will push you a little further into the passive stretch3. Contract-relax is performed by pushing against a resisted force while being stretched. Then the subject should relax and be able to move the limb back further and repeat the process. The subjects partner will apply additional force to the contracted muscle for 5 -6 seconds, then perform a controlled stretch for 20 to 30 seconds, then relax for 30 seconds and repeat 2- 4 times. Each time the subject should have a little more range of motion. Hold-relax with contraction of agonist muscle is the same as hold and relax in the first two phases, however during the third phase a concentric motion of the agonist is used along with a passive stretch2.

PNF pt.1
——

PNF pt.2 (push against)
PNF stretching example:
- Hamstring stretch with force applied by partner
Stretching is very beneficial to the human body to allow optimal flexibility for performance. Stretching increases muscle length increasing the extensibility allowing the subject to be able to safely increase the load placed on the limb and joint. Be sure to contact your local Ageility gym for further questions on stretching mechanics and your range of motion to see which type is best for you and your sport.
References:
1Edwards, M. (2012). Types of stretching. ACE.
2Ellerton, H. (2018). What is PNF stretching and how should you use it? Human Kinetics.
3Hindle, K. B., Whitcomb, T. J., Briggs, W. O., & Hong, J. (2012). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular Function. Journal of human kinetics, 31, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0011-y
4Varshell, L. (n.d.). Safer, softer, smarter yoga. A Gentle Way Yoga.
- Published in Get In Shape With Ageility
SELF – MYOFASCIAL RELEASE
By: Jessica Lime
Self-myofascial release is a popular rehabilitation intervention to enhance joint range of motion, reduce muscle soreness and restore exercise performance. Self-myofascial release (SMR) is a method of applying pressure to eliminate or ease the tension of a trigger point to help restore the function of the tissue. Fascia is the layer of connective tissue, which surrounds the muscle.
Exercise can increase the amount of fatigue in our musculoskeletal, nervous and metabolic system. Exercise depending on its frequency, intensity or time can cause additional inflammation. Increased disruption of the muscle fibers can cause delayed onset muscle soreness2. Delayed onset muscle soreness is considered a type 1 muscle strain causing the muscle to be stiff, tender, highly fatigued and cause a decrease in movement2. Delayed onset muscle soreness increases in 24 hours and peaks around 72 and gradually fades away2. Self-myofascial release has been utilized as a common intervention to prevent muscles muscle soreness and have a decrease in muscle pain.
How do you preform SMR?
Utilizing a generic foam roller, a subject is instructed to roll back and forth until they find tension or a knot/trigger point. Once a knot has been found, the subject stops directly on it, applying pressure to the area for 30 seconds. The subject determines the amount of pressure due to the amount of body weight applied. Do not roll out any boney regions on the body (ribs, joints, neck etc.). Also, avoid applying to much pressure or holding tension for too long to avoid potential bruising.
Benefits of SMR
SMR alleviates adhesions (knots or trigger points) to restore optimal motion and function within the muscle3. The skeletal muscle tissue is made up of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. Muscle spindle are sensory receptors that are parallel with muscle fiber causing sensitivity to alterations of muscle lengthening3. Golgi tendon organ receptors alter due to change and amount of tension, once they are stimulated the muscle will relax3. When the muscle is having SMR performed to it, the pressure applied to the muscle will stimulate the Golgi tendon organ to shut off the muscle spindle activity allowing the muscles to realign, relax and stretch out3.
Types of rollers
There are several common tools used for self-myofascial release. There is a foam roller, rolling stick, thera-cane, lacrosse ball, tennis ball and hand held thera-guns. Foam rollers are the most common tool to use, especially for lower body. Thera-canes are beneficial for trapezius and scapular musculature. Rolling sticks and thera-guns are beneficial for subjects that are unable to get on the floor or if you need someone to assist with self-myofascial release. Lacrosse and tennis balls are utilized in smaller areas for a more intense/deeper amount of pressure.
References:
1Cheatham, S. W., Kolber, M. J., Cain, M., & Lee, M. (2015). The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review. International journal of sports physical therapy, 10(6), 827–838.
2Pearcey, G., Bradbury-Squires, D., Kawamoto, J., Drinkwater, E., Behm, D., & Button, D. (2015). Foam Rolling for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Recovery of Dynamic Performance Measures. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(1), 5-13. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.01.
3Penney, S. (2013). Foam Rolling: Applying the Technique of Self-Myofascial Release. NASM.
4Rai, A. (2020). Foam Rolling. Kineticstep.
- Published in Get In Shape With Ageility
Mary’s Miles and Miles of Texas – October 2020 Athlete of the Month
Mary Kaplan, 81, Sunrise Beach, Texas
When we say runner Mary Kaplan sets goals as big as Texas, we mean it literally. Now 81, the retired Air Force nurse has not only run a race in all 50 states, she has also achieved the goal to run a 5K in every Texas county. All 254 of them. Not bad for someone who accidentally found her sport at the age of 43.
When Mary began running in 1983, it wasn’t by choice. Being in the service, she had to take a fitness exam every year. “They told me walking would no longer be considered an aerobic activity, so I would have to run a mile and a half instead of walking three miles,” she recalls. “I couldn’t run a block and thought it would kill me, but I went out and did it.” Instead of hating running, she immediately fell in love with it and began participating in organized runs throughout the country, kicking into high gear after she retired in 1996. She has competed in all but one National Senior Games since 1999.
Between 2010 and 2016, Mary meticulously crossed off county after county until she had run in every one. She even helped organize 5Ks in locations that had never hosted a race. Mary then founded the Tx 254 Running Club, whose members pledge to run in every Texas county. “I had set the goal for myself, and as I told people about it they also thought it would be fun,” she explains. “It’s also a nice way to give to charity and see interesting and new places.”
To date, two others have completed the challenge, and a few are actively pursuing the goal. Others want unusual experiences, so the group likes to run in uniquely named Texas towns. “We’ve run in Bangs, Black Ankle, Weeping Mary, Very Best, Tarzan, Rainbow and Uncertain. There are just so many of them around the state,” she says.
Mary is proud that she has finished first in age group in 1,346 of the 1,554 races she has run to date, and that her 90-year-old husband Hal has photographed her in every one. She has earned more than medals, too. “President Bush hosted a charity race near his ranch in Crawford, and I’ve got three bobbleheads of George Bush from the races up there,” she says with a chuckle.
The one event where Mary ran into serious competition was National Senior Games, where she competes in Track and Field and Road Race. It took until 2019 for her to win a medal at the national level, and she did it in style, garnering two silver and two bronze medals in Albuquerque. “I always knew there were a bunch of folks of my age in The Games, so I just kept going knowing that one of these times I’d get it.”
Her running career almost ended in 2014, when she needed a shunt placed in her brain to manage hydrocephalus. “I was falling down a lot and thought it was a problem with my left leg,” she says, “But after the shunt I’ve been perfect. In fact, my times have been improving. One course I ran in 2017 was three minutes faster when I ran it last week!”
The incident reminds her it’s not all about winning. “I just go to have fun and whatever happens, happens. Once I got started with running, I saw the benefits of keeping in shape,” she observes. “When and I saw a lot of my friends let themselves go to pot after they retired, I decided I wouldn’t do that.”
- Published in Athlete of the Month
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